Male Abuse Is The Hidden Side Of Domestic Violence

Men don’t tell Male abuse is the hidden side of domestic violence. Representative sample surveys of the population show that abuse is a fifty-fifty proposition when it comes to intimate partner violence. The only exception to these figures is shown in the major national survey produced by the National Violence Against Women survey which found that thirty-six percent of the victims are male (Kimmell, 2001). The issue is not that men don’t tell, no one actually asks. Women on the other hand have the public knowledge that domestic violence occurs. They have shelters and crisis lines to seek help, and there is also someone who cares enough to ask. This equivalent does not exist for men because quite possibly of discrimination.†¦show more content†¦Since these accounts run counter to the stereotypes of male-female relationships, they usually take on the headline grabbing notion of a â€Å"man bites dog† story. Even the police these days are surpris ed by the number of women who are being charged with assault of their intimate partners. Concord, New Hampshire saw a 13% increase in arrest of women for domestic assault in a four year period. Vermont saw a seven percent increase in domestic violence charges filed against women during the same period. And Boulder, Colorado saw 25% of its domestic violence charges being filed against women (Kimmel, 2001). Research on gender symmetry as it relates to domestic violence has been greatly explored. Martin Fiebert (1997) found seventy-nine empirical studies and nearly twenty reviews of literature which supported gender symmetry amongst couples. Archer (2000) reviewed eighty-two studies that supported gender symmetry. In understanding domestic violence, we generally rely on two types of information. The â€Å"crime victimization studies,† which rely greatly on large-scale aggregate data on victimization, and â€Å"family conflict studies,† which provides measurements i n the prevalence of aggression between couples (Kimmel, 2001). These two data sources relay different rates of domestic violence, simply because they are measuring two different things. Crime Victimization Studies Information about crime victimization is gathered from a number of sources.

Essay on Gender Feminism and Masculinity - 1341 Words

In a recent meta-analysis by Kite and Whitley in 1996, it was confirmed that men hold more negative attitudes toward homosexuality than do women. They also determined that mens attitudes toward homosexuality are particularly negative when the person being rated is a gay man rather than a lesbian. Their review of the literature also highlighted the complex nature of attitudes toward homosexuality noted by others. In order to understand the constructive attitudes of homosexuality, there are several factors that include beliefs that gay people are threatening or dangerous, etc. I reviewed Millham, San Miguel, amp; Kellogg, 1976; Plasek amp; Allard, 1984. These complexities, and how they influence sex differences in attitudes toward†¦show more content†¦One explanation comes from considering the consequences of mens versus womens gender-role violations. Although all sex-role deviants are disliked relative to gender-role conformists In contrast, women are allowed more fluid gende r roles and are less likely to perceive pressure to reject gender-role nonconformists. That society responds differently to mens and womens gender-role nonconformity can be explained by the generally higher status associated with the American male gender role compared with the American female gender role As a dominant still man socieity, men have more to lose if they are viewed as gay, versus lesbians. Women lesbians may be allowed greater gender role flexibility and may be allowed to hold more tolerant. This should be true regardless of the sex of the gender-role violator. The gender role analysis leads to feelings that men will be especially condemning of gay men, who violate the male gender role. In most cases, men to respond negatively toward gay men In contract, gay men may see lesbianism in erotic terms, and the positive value associated with this eroticism may positively influence their attitudes toward lesbians (Louderback amp; Whitley, 1997). In general,womens roles are viewed as lower in status than are mens, prejudice toward lesbians should not be as strongly culturally sanctioned as is prejudice toward gay men. Therefore, both sexes may beShow MoreRelatedRace, Class And Gender : Masculinity, Feminism, And Intersectionality887 Words   |  4 Pagesissues in race, class and gender through the viewpoints of three themes: Masculinity, Feminism, and Intersectionality. The topic of masculinity is one that every single man faces at some point in his life. The level of masculinity is dependent on how that individual was born and raised. 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Psychotherapy Approaches Within Treatment Free Essays

Overwhelming events are abundantly overflowing in today’s society. Both positive and negative events affect society in numerous ways. Depending on the specific circumstances of an event, both personally and socially, a person’s emotions can alter from one emotion to another. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychotherapy Approaches Within Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people are able to manage his or her emotions with a support system which could include family and friends. Others may choose to seek a therapist or counselor outside of his or her support system. Psychotherapy supports an individual’s need or want of changes within his or her personal life. In order for a person to bring about the desired changes with a psychotherapist one of four types of primary approaches within therapy must be applied. The primary goal of psychotherapy is usually to alter changes within behavior by utilizing theories to support a person with overcoming problems or negative emotions. Over 400 different types of diverse theories can be utilized by a therapist. All of the diverse theories are used to assist an individual with coping and understanding his or herself within the past, present, and future. The four primary approaches used within therapy are: psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic. The psychodynamic approach is generally used to assist individuals with defense methods to safe guard his or her self from emotions or behaviors that are impulsive and sometimes unconscious. The behavioral approach focuses more on actually altering a client’s behavior so that he or she can re-learn skills that the individual may have forgotten, but are necessary to function. Cognitive approaches within therapy assist clients to think in different ways by altering the individual’s personal dysfunctional cognitions that he or she may have. Humanistic therapy utilizes the philosophical view of the client’s own personal responsibilities. All therapists are skilled in different areas of training and use different methods, but one of the aforementioned primary approaches is almost always utilized (Feldman, 2009). Psychoanalysis is categorized under Freudian psychotherapy which is founded on the theory that every person has withdrawn or hidden feelings within his or her self. When using psychoanalysis, the primary goal is to find a way to discharge the withdrawn or unconscious thoughts so that a person can decrease the authority of the controlled behaviors inside of his or herself. The therapist works on helping the client become aware of his or her subconscious feelings which helps eliminate stress and anxiety. Sigmund Freud believed that an individual’s personality was made up of three different systems that he labeled the id, ego, and the superego. Each of the three systems has a different function, but do work together to preside over a person’s behavior. The id is described as the personality development within a newborn child and is unconscious. The ego and superego grow and develop from the id. The id embraces the biological impulses within a person which can include the need to eat, drink, sleep, and sexual pleasure. Regardless of external conditions, the id searches for instant gratification. During childhood the ego becomes present when the child learns that actual impulses are not always able to be met when wanted or needed. The ego accepts the reality of a situation within the conscious self. The superego symbolizes the ethics, values, and morals within a society and chooses whether an act is right or wrong. The superego can also be referred to as a person’s actual conscience. The superego grows and develops through consequences and awards learned through standards of the individual’s society (Feldman, 2009). Contemporary approaches used within psychodynamic therapy look for ways to reduce the unnecessary time consumed utilizing Freud’s theory which was created during the nineteenth century. According to Feldman contemporary therapists conclude therapy within three months or an average of twenty sessions based on an individual’s needs (2009). By utilizing the contemporary approach less time is spent on the client’s history and more time is spent focusing on relationships and current problems that he or she is going through. Substance abuse programs and psychoanalysis have recently begun to work together and have proven to be productive and effective. Regardless if the Freudian method or the psychotherapy method is administered, both have received praise and disapproval by critics. Some critics state that psychotherapy is too costly and time consuming and even doubt the theory all together. Regardless of the critics, numerous individuals have achieved the desired results from psychotherapy. Psychotherapy searches for solutions and answers for hard to cope with problems. Assessments are used to identify a client’s individual personality to ensure the best method is utilized. A client that has a personality that is non-social or lacking in communication would achieve higher results with either the behavioral or cognitive approach. Behavior therapy focuses on approaches that behaviors are learned and are problematic, but can be altered with reinforced behaviors. A client must learn new behaviors to replace the existing problematic behaviors. The classical conditioning therapy is used to give reinforcement for positive behaviors and critical feedback for negative behaviors. A client that is participating in classical conditioning therapy can have a strong emotional reaction to certain music or even fragrances. Classical conditioning therapy is also used when dealing with fears or phobias that are interfering with a person’s life. Aversive conditioning is a therapy that cuts back the occurrences of a specific negative behavior by implementing aversive and unwanted reactions with the behavior. An example could be that a therapist could relate a situation that is similar to another that would cause an adverse effect like showing someone that smokes pictures of the effects of lung cancer. Systematic desensitization slowly exposes a client to an anxiety induced state that combines a relaxing technique that reduces the anxiety. In some cases meditation is used to assist a client in calming him or herself down and finding a peaceful place within his or her mind. The operant technique is based upon the learning theory. An example of the learning theory is practicing something over and over. The learning theory is found within the educational system and has proved to be successful. Rewards are implemented for positive behaviors. For example in elementary schools children may be given a sticker for achieving a goal, while the children that did not meet the goal would not receive a sticker. Dialectical behavior therapy is founded on the principles of both classical and operant conditioning theories. A client in dialectical behavior therapy is made to accept the way that he or she is regardless if the person is considered acceptable or not. Patients are given two choices which are to work on changing him or herself or remaining how he or she is. Dialectical behavior assists individuals in achieving a more effective behavior while learning to keep his or her emotions under control. Behavior therapy is appropriate when trying to eliminate fears, phobias, anxiety disorders, and impulsiveness. Studies have shown that behavior therapy has significantly made changes at neuroscientific levels. With the help of neuroscience and genomics, improved approaches have been made in the treatment of mental illnesses such as the developmental brain disorder, schizophrenia (Insel, 2010). Cognitive treatment is used to teach individuals a more adaptive way of thinking and behaving. The therapist tries to alter dysfunctional thought by implementing and suggesting different approaches. Cognitive behavioral approach seeks to alter patterns by changing the way a person think. The therapist teaches the client different approaches to different situations and continues participating in therapy (Feldman, 2009). Cognitive treatment includes the rational-emotive behavior approach which tries to reconstruct a client’s thought process into thoughts that are more rational, logical, and reasonable. Being successful in life starts in a person’s thought process and some believe that he or she is unworthy. By implementing the rational-emotive approach a therapists attempts to change what a person considers illogical into logical. A person can often times change his or her way of thinking by focusing on the dysfunctional thoughts and paying more attention on the logical thoughts. Humanistic theories concentrate on teaching a client how to control his or her behavior. This approach shows that a person can control his or her behavior, solve average daily dilemmas, and make wise choices by his or her self. Humanistic therapy is implemented because psychological disorders can become evident when a person feels alone and does not have a high value of life. In this type of therapy the patient is more responsible for leading the therapy while the therapist assists. Additional segments of humanistic therapy are client centered, interpersonal, and group therapy. Therapists are challenged during the evaluation and process of diagnosing and establishing a treatment plan. Psychiatric diagnoses are usually categorized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also referred to as the DSM-IV. The DSM-IV includes all mental health disorders for both children and adults. Psychiatrists and physicians are able to evaluate an individual’s level of functioning through the use of multiaxial approach. Clinical syndromes are located in Axis I and are arranged into categories like adjustment, anxiety, and pervasive development disorders. Personality and Mental Retardation is located in Axis II and breaks down the long term effects that are no categorized under the Axis I disorders. Mental retardation is a mental impairment that affects a person’s intellectual areas and interferes with a person’s ability to care for him or herself. Axis III includes medical conditions. Axis IV includes psychosocial and environmental problems that a person may have. Axis V is the global assessment of functioning which allows a physician to comprehend the previous axes and can provide information on the possible effects. Because of the increasing number of disorders that are displayed in patients today, the DSM-IV is a tool to help establish an individual treatment plan. As with any other tool, there are both advantages and disadvantages while using this system. People tend to display different symptoms and could possibly be misdiagnosed which would lead to the inappropriate treatment plan. Life events are considered to be a start for stress that could lead to other psychological problems. Some people simply cannot handle emotions, whether positive or negative. Events can be traumatizing for some that would be normal for others. Therapists work with these individuals to teach a client how to cope with stressful situations. Stress can lead to depression if not dealt with properly. Psychotherapy is one of the most preferred and implemented forms of treatment used to deal with mild to moderate emotional and mental disorders. Talking with a therapist enables a person to reflect on him or herself and examine issues in depth. Establishing a relationship with a client may be difficult at first. Some people relate better to some than others, but it is important to find a good match so that the client will feel comfortable and open up honestly. In some cases a person may need to meet with numerous therapists until a comfortable match is found. The primary goal of psychotherapy is to help an individual manage his or her life and find methods to treat and overcome personal difficulties. There are numerous types of disorders that require one or more types of the four primary approaches used within therapy. Some people are able to establish a support system within friends, family, and others in his or her life. Those that do not have a support system should seek a therapist to overcome undesirable feelings and emotions. How to cite Psychotherapy Approaches Within Treatment, Papers

Theories Shows Various Learning Capabilities-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Theories Shows Various Learning Capabilities? Answer: Introduction Learning theories shows various learning capabilities and styles adopted by people in education or in organisation. These styles varies from one person to the other depending on the capacity they can intake while learning (Ghaedi and Jam 2014). The paper focuses on the learning theory suggested by VAK and the application of a particular style from this theory on personal usage. Further the report discusses about a development plan and the responsibility of an employer and employee on each other according to the Australian law. Learning theory VAK Learning style VAK Learning theory was first suggested by a psychologist way back in 1920s. The funder of this theory was child specialists who used to teach small kids. Through their experience about various capabilities in a child, they came up with this theory. It shows three forms of learning style in people and each individual vary in these styles. According to this theory, every person likes to use only single way of learning things. The understanding ability differs from person to person. Some are more used seeing things; while there are others that like to hear and get involved in that thing. Based on this the theory suggested three types of learning style known as the sensory receiver (Gholami and Bagheri 2013). Visual learning: This type of learning involves learning by looking at the visual or video of the topic. These types of learners require more concentration to read each and every aspect presented in the video and also understand the concept the video wants to show (Willis 2017). Auditory learning: This type of learner use audio or oral channels to learn and understand a topic. The oral channels explain the things to the learner and the learner also get a chance to interact in an oral learning. This helps them gain more knowledge in short period of time (Moayyeri 2015). Kinaesthetic learning: This type of learning includes a physical involvement of the learner in the learning session. healthcare involvement can be in the form of a field survey, interview or acting out the story that they are learning. It also requires a lot of self-effort put by the learner just like in visual style. Personal Learning style The most preferred learning style according to my capability is the auditory learning style that involves listening to an audio related to the field of learning (Narvez Prez Hernndez Lpez and Llanos Marn 2017). However, this style also allows the person to speak on the topic along with listening. It also use repetitive method to explain a single thing if it is confusing. This style of learning is helpful as it gives a chance to the leaner to get involved in the discussion and share their own view or convey their thoughts on the views given by others. I have used this type of learning in my office while doing group discussions and I have realised that it helped me learn much easily compared to other methods. For example, in my office, before our presentation we do group discussion where we all discussed about the topic that we were going to present in front of our client. As we discussed the topics and asked each other to explain a part of it which was assigned to us by our team leade r, we realised that our task is getting complete very fast. Thus, auditory style will help to put the thing into the mind of the learner as it is discussed. Skill assessment and plan for development Area for development What does this mean? Give a short personal example Your strategy to improve in this area How can you measure your progress? Category Skill 1 Organising Time management Managing the usage of time among various activities During presentation time I was able to manage my time of organizing my presentation by preparing a schedule time table for myself I will be planning out all my days activity with the help of a timetable so that I can manage my normal tasks as well After few days I will compare my time usage with previous day to see the improvement 2 Creative Think uniquely Ability to create something new and unknown from known things I always got good marks in projects because of my creativity in presentation more than the information provided in the project I am planning to take creativity classes to improve my skills further and be the best at it I will measure my improvement in creativity by excelling in my creative classes 3 Self-managing Working independently Managing everything by your own self I have been self-dependent for all my work at home and in my work Moreover, I also want to live alone in some other city to help me live an independent life I will try to move abroad for my career growth in future so that I can test my ability of living independently I can measure self management if I succeed in staying alone outside 4 Inflexibility Lack of adaptability Not easily adaptable to new things and environment I took time to adapt and mix up with my new colleagues when I shifted from office to another In new places that I will visit from now I will try to go up to the people and start a conversation so that I can get more flexible in new environment and people By seeing the number of attempts made by me to talk to new people 5 Social group Lacking in socializing Ineffectiveness in interacting within a group In group discussion I usually lacked in interacting and giving my views at first among so many people I will take part in debates and discussions help in my office as well as outside and talk as much as I can By the number of attempts I made to be a part of a debate or discussions source: (Authors creation) Being employed Potential employers Employers in the workplace of Australia have some legal and moral obligations towards their employees in the work place. These are called employment-related legislation. These legislations are given on the issues like the tax, payment, leaves and day off to the employees. Thus, the employers should be clear that while formulating their business rules they comply with the law of the legislation (Barry and You 2017). In case of tax obligations the employers have, there are two types of laws such as PAYG and Payroll taxes. On the other hand, while formulating the payment amount for the employees the employers should comply with the minimum wage law of Australia, necessity to issue pay slips, and other payment necessary. The minimum wage is revised by the government every year and should be considered by the employer at the present rate (Hirsch, Kaufman and Zelenska 2015). In case of granting leaves, the employers should include three types o leaves for the employees such as paid leaves, sick leaves and maternity and parental leaves. Superannuation is another facility that is given to the employees by the employers which is also known as the retirement saving facility. The eligibility criteria to be kept in mind are the age of the employee should be between 18 to 69 years and he/show must be fully or pat time employed in the company. Work place environment is the most important scenario to be considered by the employer while planning their infrastructure. Unhealthy environment will affect the health of the workers negatively (Business.qld.gov.au 2017). The government of Australia also employ certain boards and department to take care of this employment laws and punish them incase of any wrong. The employees have the right to reach out to these departments in case of any injustice done to them (Hersch and Shinall 2016). Worksafe department is formed to take care of any harassment and violence in the workplace. Fair Work commission has the responsibility to take care of the bulling that is taking place in the work environment (Capuano 2016). Equal Opportunity Commission Western Australia and Human Rights Commission is formed to look after any discrimination done to employers on ground of sex, race, age and family. Wage line department to look after labour relations and Fair Work Ombudsman for any disruptions in workplace rights (Novak 2014). Role of the Employees Along with these rights and benefits that the employer offers to their employees, the workers of the business also have some obligations and responsibility towards their employers (Government of Western Australia 2017). The most common responsibilities of the employee are: To be honest towards the work they do in the workplace To make justice and sensible decision that is required in a particular situation Not to disturb the environment of the company y taking part in activities such as trade unions Obey the orders given by the employers provided they are legal and right Work carefully and responsibly for every work that it allotted to the employee by the employers Not to do illegal activities in the business by getting in touch with the competitors of the business To mange with the holidays and week offs with the company in case of urgencies Thus, this shows both the employees and employers are eligible for certain obligations to each other in order to make the business work successfully. References Barry, M. and You, K., 2017. Employer and employer association matters in Australia in 2016.Journal of Industrial Relations,59(3), pp.288-304. Business.qld.gov.au. 2017.Allowing time off | Business Queensland. [online] Available at: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/employing/employee-rights/obligations/time-off [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017]. Capuano, A., 2016. Giving Meaning to'Social Origin'in International Labour Organization ('ILO') Conventions, the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) and the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth):'Class' Discrimination and its Relevance to the Australian Context. Ghaedi, Z. and Jam, B., 2014. Relationship between learning styles and motivation for higher education in EFL Students.Theory and Practice in Language Studies,4(6), p.1232. Gholami, S. and Bagheri, M.S., 2013. Relationship between VAK learning styles and problem solving styles regarding gender and students fields of study.Journal of Language Teaching and Research,4(4), pp.700-706. Government of Western Australia. 2017.Do you think you have been treated unfairly, inappropriately and/or unreasonably at work?. [online] Available at: https://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/atoms/files/contact_information_0.pdf [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017]. Hersch, J. and Shinall, J.B., 2016. Something to Talk About: Information Exchange Under Employment Law.U. Pa. L. Rev.,165, p.49. Hirsch, B.T., Kaufman, B.E. and Zelenska, T., 2015. Minimum wage channels of adjustment.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,54(2), pp.199-239. Moayyeri, H., 2015. The Impact of Undergraduate Students Learning Preferences (VARK Model) on Their Language Achievement.Journal of Language Teaching and Research,6(1), pp.132-139. Narvez Prez, Z., Hernndez Lpez, M.A. and Llanos Marn, E., 2017.Learning styles in teaching english to primary school learners classroom project(Bachelor's thesis, Pereira: Universidad Tecnolgica de Pereira). Novak, J., 2014. Submission to the Fair Work Commission: Annual Wage Review 2014. Willis, S., 2017. Literature review on the use of VAK learning strategies.The STeP Journal,4(2), pp.90-94.